Comparing proteins at a glance: Technique for easy comparisons of proteins in solution

Apr. 29, 2013 ? A revolutionary X-ray analytical technique that enables researchers at a glance to identify structural similarities and differences between multiple proteins under a variety of conditions has been developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). As a demonstration, the researchers used this technique to gain valuable new insight into a protein that is a prime target for cancer chemotherapy.

"Proteins and other biological macromolecules are moving machines whose power is often derived from how their structural conformations change in response to their environment," says Greg Hura, a scientist with Berkeley Lab's Physical Biosciences Division. "Knowing what makes a protein change has incredible value, much like knowing that stepping on a gas pedal makes the wheels of a car spin."

Hura led the development of what is being called a structural comparison map for use with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), an imaging technique for obtaining structural information about proteins and protein complexes in solution. Cynthia McMurray, a biologist with Berkeley Lab's Life Sciences Division, provided the cancer-relevant protein used to test the new SAXS structural comparison map.

Says McMurray, "In biology, the first step in correcting a problem, such as the formation of a cancerous lesion, is understanding the conditions under which the problem arose. With the SAXS structural comparison map, we can compare multiple protein structures en masse and quickly identify areas of interest."

Greg Hura, Helen Budworth and Cynthia McMurray, shown here at the Advanced Light Source, developed a structural comparison map for SAXS imaging and tested it on a chemotherapeutic target protein. (Photo by Roy Kaltschmidt, Berkeley Lab)

Hura is the lead author and McMurray one of two corresponding authors of a paper in the journal Nature Methods that describes this research. The paper is titled "Comprehensive objective maps of macromolecular conformations by quantitative SAXS analysis." Also a corresponding author is John Tainer, who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Life Sciences Division and the Scripps Research Institute. The other authors are Helen Budworth, Kevin Dyer, Robert Rambo and Michal Hammel.

In perhaps no other area of science does the maxim "function follows form" hold more true than for proteins and protein complexes. The structural conformations created by the folding, twisting and turning of a protein's amino acid chain can allow or prevent the protein from doing what it's supposed to do and this can mean the difference between a healthy and an unhealthy cell. A protein can assume multiple distinct conformational states as it undergoes various chemical processes such as phosphorylation, nucleotide or ligand binding, ATP hydrolysis or the formation of complexes.

The most widely used technique for determining a protein's structure remains crystallography, but many proteins and protein complexes can't be crystalized. Furthermore, though precise, crystallography is a low-throughput process that can only capture one conformational state at a time. Enter SAXS, a high-throughput technique that can image any protein or protein complex in solution under any condition, and provide nanoscale resolution for distinguishing and characterizing the different conformational states that flexible biological macromolecules such as proteins can assume.

"With SAXS, there are relatively few restraints on conditions, construction, concentration or solution chemistry," Hura says. "However, analytical methods have not kept pace with the hardware. While there are many factors that may induce a protein to undergo structural changes, these factors are difficult to predict. Our structural comparison map technique gives us a high-throughput screening capability. The combination of SAXS and our maps allows us to highlight those factors that make the biggest difference in structural conformations. We're also able to track trends and identify intermediate states and other factors that shift equilibrium from one structure to another."

The data in a structural comparison map is presented in the form of a color-coded checkerboard with similarity scores displayed as gradients moving from red, indicating high, to white, indicating low, and various shades of orange and yellow in between.

"With structural comparison maps, I can immediately see which structures under which conditions are the same and which are not," says McMurray. "The maps provide both structural and chemical information and enable us to identify those conformations we should be looking at."

To test the structural conformation map technique, co-author Budworth, a member of McMurray's research group, prepared samples of a protein known as MutS?, an inviting chemotherapeutic target because of its ability to remove problematic DNA that can lead to cancer and other genetic mutations.

"MutS? is a heterodimer whose two macromolecules undergo an ordered series of nucleotide-dependent steps to initiate DNA repair," Budworth says. "Each discrete nucleotide-bound state is a conformational state decision point that primes the next pathway step. A mechanistic understanding of these steps is crucial to learning how cells avoid mutation."

Says McMurray, "Initially this was a very big puzzle because MutS? had no crystal structure, nor could we take a look at any one conformational state and say this is good or this is bad. The structural conformation maps allowed us to characterize the different conformational states individually and then compare them to one another. We discovered that DNA has surprisingly little impact on MutS? conformational structures, a fact that was not evident from biochemical measurements, but obvious when examining the maps."

From the SAXS imaging and structural conformation map analysis, McMurray and her group believe that DNA is sculpted to the protein conformation and that nucleotide-binding drives MutS? conformational changes. This, they say, holds implications for future cancer therapies.

The MutS? samples were subjected to SAXS at the SIBYLS beamline of Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source, a synchrotron that generates premier beams of X-ray and ultraviolet light for scientific research. The acronym SIBYLS stands for Structurally Integrated Biology for Life Sciences. The beamline is maintained by Berkeley Lab's Life Sciences Division under the direction of corresponding author Tainer.

Says Tainer, "The structural comparison map technique is a big step forward in the development of tools that will help biologists use the full potential of the awesome throughput we expect to achieve with the next generation of light sources."

This research was supported by funds from the DOE Office of Science and from the National Institutes of Health.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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Journal Reference:

1. Greg L Hura, Helen Budworth, Kevin N Dyer, Robert P Rambo, Michal Hammel, Cynthia T McMurray, John A Tainer. Comprehensive macromolecular conformations mapped by quantitative SAXS analyses. Nature Methods, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2453

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/_XQpz2Ub8Bw/130429130545.htm

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Claire McCaskill Refuses To Rule Out Deploying U.S. Troops To Syria

WASHINGTON -- Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.) on Sunday refused to rule out the possibility of deploying American troops to Syria, while top Republican lawmakers called for increased U.S. intervention in the civil war there. The comments, made on various Sunday television programs, reflect an increased sense of urgency this week about the potential use of chemical weapons by the Syrian regime.

"I don't think you want to ever rule it out," McCaskill said of U.S. troop involvement in the Syrian conflict, which has claimed more than 70,000 lives over two years. Speaking on CBS's "Face the Nation," McCaskill, who sits on the Senate Armed Services Committee, said, "We don't want to [deploy U.S. troops] unless it's absolutely necessary, [but] I don't think you ever want to say absolutely not."

Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) took a more cautionary tack on NBC's "Meet the Press."

"The worst thing the United States could do right now is put boots on the ground in Syria," said McCain, who is a longtime advocate of greater American intervention in the Syrian conflict. He instead called on the U.S. to help establish "a safe zone," and to begin arming the Syrian rebels, to whom the U.S. has so far provided only nonlethal aid.

McCain also called for increased aid from Washington to assist with the growing refugee crisis in the region, and said the U.S. should help prepare an "international force" capable of securing Syria's stockpile of chemical weapons in the event Syrian President Bashar Assad is removed from power.

Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.), appearing alongside McCaskill on "Face the Nation," said monitoring those chemical weapons was a top priority for the United States and the international community. "The greatest risk [to the U.S.] is a failed state with chemical weapons falling in the hands of radical Islamists," Graham said. "The longer [the conflict] goes, the more likely it is that you have a failed state, and all hell's going to break loose in the region."

Senators learned this week that American intelligence agencies have evidence that Assad's regime has deployed chemical weapons, but White House officials cautioned that this evidence is still being evaluated.

McCaskill, too, said the United States should be "ready if we need to take some kind of military action," but did not explicitly endorse sending weapons to the Syrian rebels, nor did she mention the creation of a "safe zone," as McCain advocated.

Graham appeared to go further than McCain or McCaskill in proposing direct U.S. action in Syria, saying, "One way you can stop the Syrian Air Force from flying is to bomb Syrian air bases with missiles. You don't need to go deep into Syria to do that." He said Assad's forces' aerial capabilities play a major role in the conflict, and "if you could neutralize the air advantage the Syrian government has over the rebels, I think you could turn the tide of battle pretty quickly."

President Obama said last year that the use of chemical weapons by Assad's regime was a "red line" for the U.S. and would have "enormous consequences." But late this week, White House officials sounded a cautious note, telling reporters on a background call, "If we reach a definitive determination that this red line has been crossed [we will be] consulting with our friends and allies and the international community more broadly, as well as the Syrian opposition, to determine what the best course of action is."

For House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers (R-Mich.), the currently available evidence is conclusive, he said on ABC's "This Week."

"We have classified evidence, [which] strengthens the case [that] some amount of chemical weapons have been used over the last two years," he said, while acknowledging that "the options aren't huge, but some action needs to be taken."

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/28/claire-mccaskill-syria_n_3174673.html

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GOP donors push state lawmakers to legalize gay marriage

Jim Mone / AP

Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton speaks to an April 18 rally at the State Capitol, in St. Paul, Minn. in support of a bill to legalize gay marriage.

By Patrick Condon, The Associated Press

ST. PAUL, Minn. --?A national group of prominent GOP donors that supports gay marriage is pouring new money into lobbying efforts to get Republican lawmakers to vote to make it legal.

American Unity PAC was formed last year to lend financial support to Republicans who bucked the party's longstanding opposition to gay marriage. Its founders are launching a new lobbying organization, American Unity Fund, and already have spent more than $250,000 in Minnesota, where the Legislature could vote on the issue as early as next week.

The group has spent $500,000 on lobbying since last month, including efforts in Rhode Island, Delaware, Indiana, West Virginia and Utah.

Billionaire hedge fund manager and Republican donor Paul Singer launched American Unity PAC. The lobbying effort is the next phase as the push for gay marriage spreads to more states, spokesman Jeff Cook-McCormac told The Associated Press.

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"What you have is this network of influential Republicans who really want to see the party embrace the freedom to marry, and believe it's not only the right thing for the country but also good politics," Cook-McCormac said.

In Minnesota, the money has gone to state groups that are lobbying Republican lawmakers and for polling on gay marriage in a handful of suburban districts held by Republicans. So far, only one Minnesota Republican lawmaker has committed to voting to legalize gay marriage: Sen. Branden Petersen, of Andover.

"I think there will be some more. There are legislators out there that are struggling with this," said Carl Kuhl, a former political aide to former GOP Sen. Norm Coleman and Republican gubernatorial candidate Tom Emmer. Kuhl's public affairs firm is contracted by Minnesotans United, the lead lobby group for gay marriage in Minnesota and main recipient of American Unity's Minnesota spending.

Gay marriage's fate in Minnesota may rest with the House, where support is seen as shakier than in the Senate. A handful of votes from Republicans could put it over the top. Nearly two dozen House Republicans represent more socially moderate suburbs and might be candidates to vote yes.

House Speaker Paul Thissen, DFL-Minneapolis, said he has encouraged advocates of the marriage bill to round up Republican votes, if nothing else than to send a message to Minnesota residents that it's not a partisan proposition. But that will be politically risky; the main opposition group to same-sex marriage, Minnesota for Marriage, has said it will seek consequences for Republicans who stray on gay marriage.

Part of American Unity PAC's original mission was to spend money on behalf of Republican gay marriage supporters. Many GOP lawmakers have faced primary challenges funded in part by anti-gay marriage groups such as the National Organization for Marriage, which argue that the lawmakers had betrayed the party's core principles.

Since forming the lobby group last month, American Unity also spent money to win over Republican lawmakers in Rhode Island, where last week all five Republicans in the state Senate jumped on the gay marriage bandwagon. Rhode Island is on track to legalize gay marriage by next week, which would make it the 11th U.S. state where gay marriage is legal.

There are also plans to lobby federal lawmakers on gay rights issues.

"We intend to work on this effort until every American citizen is treated equally under the law," Cook-McCormac said. Other wealthy, traditionally Republican donors giving money to the group include Seth Klarman, David Herro and Cliff Asness.

Though only one current GOP officeholder in Minnesota is on record supporting gay marriage, a handful of prominent Republicans have spoken out in favor of it. They include former state auditor Pat Anderson and Brian McClung, who was spokesman for former Gov. Tim Pawlenty. Prominent Republican donors including former politician Wheelock Whitney and businesswoman Marilyn Carlson Nelson have also lent support and donated money.

Since it first formed to campaign against last fall's gay marriage ban and then shifted to pushing for its legalization at the Capitol, Minnesotans United has been building Republican alliances, hiring multiple lobbyists with Republican ties.

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The 11 best promposals of 2013

Jake Davidson, a 17-year-old from Los Angeles, realized prom season was fast approaching and he didn?t have a girlfriend. That could prove troubling for some, but not Jake. He?s got an easy out. He?ll just use his video editing skills and social media network to make a humble plea for super model Kate Upton to be his prom date.

The promposal seen round the web spread from online person to online person faster than a One Direction music video release.

In the video, Jake says going to prom with Ms. Upton pre-ordained, it is destiny. She?s the yin to his yang. Why? While doing pushups, Jake makes his case which would, if we?re honest, easily pass the muster of Standford?s doctorate thesis committees: She likes sports, he likes sports. She likes fine dining, he likes fine dining. She?s on the cover of Sports Illustrated, and he reads Sports Illustrated.

Watch out Johnnie Cochrain, this kid?s going on the offensive and his evidence is air-tight.
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?Upton?s first response was through Twitter. It was only a maybe, but gave Jake more hope for success than the cross-town Los Angeles Clippers ever had. The media soon caught up and Jake was invited for an interview on the Today Show. Discarding formal attire and the first two buttons of the casual plaid shirt he did wear, Jake reminded everyone why he asked Upton (again, a common interest in sports). Then, surprise, Upton came on and stunned Jake with a formal ?I do? to his promposal.

The honeymoon was, as it always is, too short. Upton, once the media hullabaloo subsided, soon reneged. She won?t be going with Jake after all. Publicity doesn?t care whose heart it breaks.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/rSvEIs-9cPI/The-11-best-promposals-of-2013

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Senators stall internet sales tax bill

WASHINGTON (AP) ? A handful of senators from states without sales taxes are blocking a bill that would tax Internet purchases.

They don't have enough support to kill the bill, but they can delay a final vote until Friday ? or even this weekend ? if senators don't reach an agreement to vote earlier.

The bill would empower states to require online retailers to collect state and local sales taxes for purchases made over the Internet. Under the bill, the sales taxes would be sent to the states where a shopper lives.

Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., is leading the fight against the bill. Oregon, Montana, New Hampshire and Delaware have no sales taxes, though the two senators from Delaware support the bill.

"It's coercive. It requires a number of states to collect the taxes of other states thousands of miles away against their will," Wyden said in an interview. "It's discrimination because this forces some people online to carry out responsibilities that brick and mortar retailers do not have to do."

Wyden said the bill also gives an advantage to foreign retailers. Supporters say the bill treats foreign retailers the same as domestic ones, but opponents question the ability of states to enforce state tax laws on companies based in other countries.

The bill has already survived two procedural votes this week, getting 74 votes in favor each time. If senators don't reach an agreement to vote earlier, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., threatened to hold a vote shortly after midnight Friday morning to end the debate.

The Senate is scheduled to go on vacation next week, and Reid vowed to pass the bill before senators leave town.

"One way or another, we will finish work on this measure before we leave," Reid said.

Wyden said he doesn't want to inconvenience senators eager to go home. But, he added, "I don't want to have our constituents rolled over in the process."

Under current law, states can only require stores to collect sales taxes if the store has a physical presence in the state. As a result, many online sales are essentially tax-free, giving Internet retailers an advantage over brick-and-mortar stores.

Supporters say the bill is about fairness for local businesses that already collect sales taxes, and lost revenue for states. Opponents say the bill would impose complicated regulations on retailers and doesn't have enough protections for small businesses. Businesses with less than $1 million a year in online sales would be exempt.

Many of the nation's governors ? Republicans and Democrats ? have been lobbying the federal government for years for the authority to collect sales taxes from online sales.

The issue is getting bigger for states as more people make purchases online. Last year, Internet sales in the U.S. totaled $226 billion, up nearly 16 percent from the previous year, according to Commerce Department estimates.

The National Conference of State Legislatures estimates that states lost $23 billion last year because they couldn't collect taxes on out-of-state sales.

The bill pits brick-and-mortar stores like Wal-Mart against online services such as eBay. The National Retail federation supports it. And Amazon.com, which initially fought efforts in some states to make it collect sales taxes, supports it, too.

The bill also gets support from many Republicans who have pledged not to increase taxes. The bill's main sponsor is Sen. Mike Enzi, a conservative Republican from Wyoming. He is working closely with Sen. Dick Durbin, a liberal Democrat from Illinois.

Enzi and Durbin say the bill doesn't raise taxes. Instead, they say, it gives states a mechanism to enforce current taxes.

In many states, shoppers are required to pay unpaid sales taxes when they file state tax returns. But governors complain that few people comply.

Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., said he supports the bill in part because tax-free Internet sales are eating into sales by Delaware retailers.

"In our region, we've long benefited from significant commercial sales from residents of Maryland, of New Jersey, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, who come to Delaware to shop because we're a tax-free state," Coons said. "Over time, the benefit of that has eroded as folks discovered that they could buy the same things online without paying sales tax from home."

He noted that the bill would not require anyone from Delaware to pay sales taxes.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/few-senators-block-vote-internet-sales-tax-bill-195924551--finance.html

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JCPenney Has Chosen A New Ad Agency [THE BRIEF] - Business ...

JCPenney ? under the purview of Sergio Zyman ? has chosen Y&R New York as its new lead agency. The troubled retailer parted ways with Saatchi & Saatchi a couple of years ago to work with Mother, New York, and Peterson Milla Hooks until now.

Danone Groupe has put its $1.47 billion global media business into review. Havas Worldwide is the incumbent.

Actors in commercials will get a 6% pay raise, Ad Age says.

Ad industry gets blasted in Senate for dragging feet on Do Not Track.

P&G will hike its marketing spending this year.

Barton F. Graph 9000 used a banner-towing plane to announce three creative hires.

Reuters does a deep dive on Amazon's new ad network.

Urban Outfitters, one of the earliest adopters of Vine, is producing a whole campaign around the Twitter video product.

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Yahoo snags exclusive rights to Saturday Night Live's archives starting September 1st

Yahoo may have failed in its bid to acquire Hulu last year, but CEO Marissa Mayer announced it's snagged rights to show something the streaming site has been known for: Saturday Night Live. The deal with Broadway Video will give Yahoo exclusive online access to archived SNL content from 1975 through 2013 including show clips, "select" musical performances, behind the scenes and dress rehearsal clips. Yahoo will also have non-exclusive access to show current season Saturday Night Live clips in the US and a license to distribute library show clips internationally. Beginning September 1st, those archived clips will be pulled from other internet video platforms (presumably Hulu and Netflix) for one year. The press release (included after the break) indicates Broadway and Yahoo will celebrate the partnership at Yahoo!'s Digital Content NewFront event on the 29th. We'll see if there's more to learn about Yahoo's ever-evolving media strategy then.

Filed under: Home Entertainment, HD

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Marshall Monitor headphones available now for $200, we go ears-on

When you've got legitimate rock-sound credentials, why wouldn't you make headphones? Right? To that end, Marshall is back with a new pair -- called Monitor -- to sit at the top of its existing range. Players in the current market seem to have found the sweet spot between premium pricing and street credibility, and there's no change here. Priced at $200, Marshall is putting the Monitor directly up against these other sets that mix style-consciousness with claims of quality audio. It's not all about looks though, as the Monitor sports a proprietary "F.T.F" (Felt Treble Filter) system that lets you change the sound for a different high-end response. Under the hood is a 40MM driver, and the same gold, black and leather stylings we saw on the Major model. This time, however, Marshall opted for an over-ear fit, and threw in a few other goodies too. These include the increasingly popular 3.5mm pass-through jack (so friends can plug in and share your music), a collapsible design, a detachable part-coiled cable and in-line remote. The Monitor is available starting today for the aforementioned $200. But, if you want to know a little more, we got our hands on a set, so rock past the break for our impressions.

Gallery: Marshall Monitor hands-on

Filed under: Home Entertainment, Peripherals

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/25/marshall-monitor-headphones/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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Moms more likely than other employees to leave male-dominated jobs with long hours

Apr. 23, 2013 ? As demands for long work hours continue to increase, an Indiana University study found that mothers are more likely than other employees to leave jobs in male-dominated fields. This trend was not seen in balanced or female-dominated occupations.

"Mothers were 52 percent more likely than other women to leave their jobs if they were working a 50-hour week or more, but only in occupations dominated by men," said Youngjoo Cha, assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at IU Bloomington. "Many of these are lucrative fields, such as law, medicine, finance and engineering."

Her findings, published in the journal Gender & Society, reveal how overwork contributes to occupational segregation and stalled efforts to narrow the gender gap in white-collar workplaces. Many of the mothers who leave these jobs exit the job market entirely because of the lack of suitable part-time positions in these fields.

The study analyzed data collected from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, a national longitudinal household survey, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. It included 382 occupations, 173 of which were considered male-dominated, where men made up 70 percent or more of the workforce.

Cha said workplaces dominated by men tend to operate on outdated assumptions about "separate spheres" marriage -- families with a homemaking woman and a breadwinning man. Yet today, both partners are employed in nearly 80 percent of American couples.

Here are more findings from "Overwork and the Persistence of Gender Segregation in Occupations:

• In male-dominated occupations, overwork was more likely than in balanced fields or female-dominated fields.
• Mothers in male-dominated occupations were more discouraged despite the fact that the women who survived in those more masculine fields may on average be more committed to work than overworking women in other jobs.
• Higher education levels make it more likely that women stay in their jobs, but not enough to overcome the discouraging effect of being an overworking mother.
• Meanwhile, men (whether fathers or not) and women without children were not more likely to leave their jobs in overworking fields.
• When mothers left their jobs, some moved to less male-dominated professions; others entirely left the labor force.

Cha advocates labor policies that can reduce work-family conflicts and benefit women, men, families and firms. In her article, she recommends promoting workplace policies that minimize the expectation for overwork, such as setting the maximum allowable work hours, prohibiting compulsory overtime, expanding the coverage of the Fair Labor Standards Act's overtime provisions, and granting employees the right to work part-time hours without losing benefits.

More than one-third of men and nearly one-fifth of women in professions work more than 50 hours a week. While men and women have adjusted their ability to share domestic caregiving in recent years, these more extreme situations of overwork demonstrate the limits of the flexibility that men and women often aim for but can't always achieve.

Cha has found in her earlier research that when husbands overwork, it limits their contributions to home responsibilities and restricts the wife's time for work outside the home. When the wife overworks, according to her research, it rarely affects the husband's work.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Indiana University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Y. Cha. Overwork and the Persistence of Gender Segregation in Occupations. Gender & Society, 2013; 27 (2): 158 DOI: 10.1177/0891243212470510

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/je-O4bUQYfk/130424103136.htm

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Functional potential of genes: Pushing the boundaries of transcription

Apr. 24, 2013 ? Like musicians in an orchestra who have the same musical score but start and finish playing at different intervals, cells with the same genes start and finish transcribing them at different points in the genome. For the first time, researchers at EMBL have described the striking diversity of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that such start and end variation produces, even from the simple genome of yeast cells. Their findings, published today in Nature, shed new light on the importance of mRNA boundaries in determining the functional potential of genes.

Hundreds of thousands of unique mRNA transcripts are generated from a genome of only about 8000 genes, even with the same genome sequence and environmental condition. "We knew that transcription could lead to a certain amount of diversity, but we were not expecting it to be so vast," explains Lars Steinmetz, who led the project. "Based on this diversity, we would expect that no yeast cell has the same set of messenger RNA molecules as its neighbour."

The traditional understanding of transcription was that mRNA boundaries were relatively fixed. While it has long been known that certain parts of mRNAs can be selectively 'spliced' out, this phenomenon is very rare in baker's yeast, meaning that the textbook one gene -- one mRNA transcript relationship should hold. Recent studies have suggested that things aren't quite that simple, inspiring the EMBL scientists to create a new technique to capture both the start and end points of single mRNA molecules. They now discovered that each gene could be transcribed into dozens or even hundreds of unique mRNA molecules, each with different boundaries.

This suggests that not only transcript abundance, but also transcript boundaries should be considered when assessing gene function. Altering the boundaries of mRNA molecules can affect how long they stay intact, cause them to produce different proteins, or direct them or their protein products to different locations, which can have a profound biological impact. Diversifying mRNA transcript boundaries within a group of cells, therefore, could equip them to adapt to different external challenges.

The researchers expect that such an extent of boundary variation will also be found in more complex organisms, including humans, where some examples are already known to affect key biological functions. The technology to measure these variations across the entire genome as well as a catalogue of boundaries in a well-studied organism are a good starting point for further research. "Now that we are aware of how much diversity there is, we can start to figure out what factors control it," points out Vicent Pelechano, who performed the study with Wu Wei. Wei adds: "Our technique also exposed new mRNAs that other techniques could not distinguish. It will be exciting to investigate how these and general variation in transcript boundaries actually extend the functional capacity of a genome."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL).

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Vicent Pelechano, Wu Wei, Lars M. Steinmetz. Extensive transcriptional heterogeneity revealed by isoform profiling. Nature, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nature12121

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/3bZaIH7i0xo/130424132645.htm

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Microsoft announces Xbox event for May 21st

What many suspected was coming has indeed happened: Microsoft just confirmed an upcoming Xbox event on May 21st, which we expect to be focused on the company's next-gen Xbox console (informally codenamed Durango). The company isn't diving into specifics at this stage, but the event is taking place on its own Xbox campus and should offer a "real taste of the future," according to Xbox Live programming director Larry Hryb. Don't worry too much that Microsoft will completely upstage E3, which happens just a few weeks later -- Hryb also promises that his firm "continue the conversation" at the show, focusing its attention on its game lineup. Players will have a chance to stream the event through both Microsoft's services (including Xbox Live) and Spike TV, but you can be sure we'll be on the ground to share the news first-hand.

Ben Gilbert contributed to this report.

Filed under: Gaming, HD, Microsoft

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U.S. soldier accused in Iraq killings expected to plead guilty

By Eric M. Johnson

SEATTLE (Reuters) - A U.S. soldier is expected to plead guilty on Monday to shooting dead five fellow servicemen at a military counseling center in Iraq, in a plea deal his defense attorneys reached with Army prosecutors to avoid capital punishment.

Army Sergeant John Russell is accused of killing two medical staff officers and three soldiers at Camp Liberty, adjacent to the Baghdad airport, in a 2009 shooting spree the military said at the time could have been triggered by combat stress.

Russell is to plead guilty to five counts of intentional murder, one count of attempted murder, and one count of assault at a hearing at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington state, according to his civilian defense lawyer, James Culp.

If presiding judge Army Colonel David Conn accepts the plea, Russell will still face a trial to decide the degree of his guilt and, crucially, whether he acted on impulse, as his defense attorneys argue, or with malice of forethought, as alleged by military prosecutors.

The choice would then be between a verdict of premeditated murder or the lesser offense of intentional murder to which Russell has agreed to plead guilty. His prison term would hinge on that finding. The death penalty would no longer be considered, as would a not-guilty verdict or insanity plea.

"It's at issue whether or not he pre-meditated the killings of these people or whether he snapped and killed these people out of rage that was linked to his own personal despair," Culp told Reuters last week.

An Army spokesman has declined to discuss the status of the case.

Defense attorneys have said Russell, who was attached to the 54th Engineer Battalion based in Bamberg, Germany, suffered a host of mental ailments after several combat tours and was suicidal prior to the attack.

An independent forensic psychiatrist, Dr. Robert Sadoff, has concluded that Russell suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis at the time of the shootings. Sadoff suggested Russell was provoked to violence by maltreatment at the hands of mental health personnel he sought for treatment at Camp Liberty.

On Monday, Conn is to question Russell to determine whether the circumstances of the shooting support a guilty plea and that Russell believes he is guilty. He will then decide whether Russell will be tried before a judge alone or a jury.

Either way, a trial is still scheduled to begin May 6.

(Reporting by Eric M. Johnson; Editing by Cynthia Johnston and Tim Dobbyn)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-soldier-accused-iraq-killings-expected-plead-guilty-111633578.html

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Police: Bombing suspects planned more

BOSTON (AP) ? As churches paused to mourn the dead and console the survivors of the Boston Marathon bombing Sunday, the city's police commissioner said the two suspects had such a large cache of weapons that they were probably planning other attacks.

After the two brothers engaged in a gun battle with police early Friday, authorities surveying the scene of the shootout found it was loaded with unexploded homemade bombs. They also found more than 250 rounds of ammunition.

Police Commissioner Ed Davis said the stockpile was "as dangerous as it gets in urban policing."

"We have reason to believe, based upon the evidence that was found at that scene ? the explosions, the explosive ordnance that was unexploded and the firepower that they had ? that they were going to attack other individuals. That's my belief at this point." Davis told CBS's "Face the Nation."

On "Fox News Sunday," he said authorities cannot be positive there aren't more explosives that haven't been found. But the people of Boston are safe, he insisted.

The suspects are two ethnic Chechen brothers from southern Russia ? 19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his 26-year-old brother, Tamerlan. Their motive remained unclear.

The older brother was killed during a getaway attempt. The younger brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, remained hospitalized in serious condition Sunday after his capture Friday from a tarp-covered boat in a suburban Boston backyard. Authorities would not comment on whether he had been questioned, but several officials have said Tsarnaev's injuries left him unable to communicate, at least for now.

Shots were fired from the boat, but investigators haven't determined where the gunfire was aimed, Davis said.

The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is tracing the weapons to try to determine how they were obtained by the suspects.

Tsarnaev could be charged as early as Sunday, although it was not clear what those charges would be. The twin bombings killed three people and wounded more than 180.

The most serious charge available to federal prosecutors would be the use of a weapon of mass destruction to kill people, which carries a possible death sentence. Massachusetts does not have the death penalty.

Across the rattled city, churches opened their doors to remember the dead and ease the grief of the living.

At the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in South Boston, photographs of the three people killed in the attack and an MIT police officer slain Thursday were displayed on the altar, the faces illuminated by glowing white pillar candles, one for each person lost.

"I hope we can all heal and move forward," said Kelly McKernan, who was crying as she left the service. "And obviously, the Mass today was a first step for us in that direction."

A six-block swath of Boylston Street, where the bombs were detonated, remained closed Sunday, though police at the scene told pedestrians it was expected to reopen before Monday morning.

Boston's historic Trinity Church could not host services Sunday because it was within the crime scene, but the congregation was invited to worship at the Temple Israel synagogue instead. The FBI allowed church officials a half-hour Saturday to go inside to gather the priests' robes, the wine and bread for Sunday's service.

Trinity's Rev. Samuel T. Lloyd III offered a prayer for those who were slain "and for those who must rebuild their lives without the legs that they ran and walked on last week."

"So where is God when the terrorists do their work?" Lloyd asked. "God is there, holding us and sustaining us. God is in the pain the victims are suffering, and the healing that will go on. God is with us as we try still to build a just world, a world where there will not be terrorists doing their terrible damage."

Near the crime scene, Dan and Keri Arone were pushing their 11-week-old daughter, Alexandria in a stroller when they stopped along Newbury Street, a block from the bombing site, to watch investigators in white jumpsuits scour the pavement. Wearing his bright blue marathon jacket, Dan Arone said he had crossed the finish line 40 minutes before the explosions.

The Waltham, Mass., couple visited the area to leave behind pairs of their running shoes among the bouquets of flowers, hand-written signs and other gifts at a makeshift memorial on Boylston Street, near the police barriers.

"I thought maybe we'd somehow get some closure," Dan Arone said of leaving behind the sneakers. "But I don't feel any closure yet."

At Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, surgeons said the Boston transit police officer wounded in a shootout with the suspects had lost nearly all his blood, and his heart had stopped from a single gunshot wound that severed three major blood vessels in his right thigh.

Richard Donohue, 33, was in critical but stable condition. He is sedated and on a breathing machine but opened his eyes, moved his hands and feet and squeezed his wife's hand Sunday.

In New York, thousands of runners donned "I Run for Boston" bibs during a 4-mile run in Central Park, one of a number of races held around the world in support of the victims of the marathon bombings.

Thousands of runners in the London marathon offered their own tributes to Boston's dead and wounded. The race began after a moment of silence for the victims, and many competitors wore black armbands as a sign of solidarity. Two runners finished carrying a banner that read "For Boston."

___

Associated Press writers Meghan Barr and Michael Hill in Boston contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/police-bombing-suspects-planned-more-attacks-201956630.html

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Nuqul Automotive launches new Porsche Panamera in Jordan ...

In the second generation of its Gran Turismo, Porsche is introducing the world's first plug-in hybrid to the luxury class - the Panamera S E-Hybrid with 416 hp of system power. Along with this premiere, two luxurious Executive versions are making their debut - the Panamera 4S and Panamera Turbo with an extended wheelbase will be available in left-hand-drive markets.

In addition, an entirely new three-litre V6 engine with biturbo charging is launched with the new Panamera S and 4S.

The Panamera model range has been further extended and consists now of ten derivatives, offering an even broader range between sportiness and comfort. New and further developed technologies have enabled fuel savings of up to 56%, while enhancing operating and driving comfort.

The new Panamera underscores its exceptional positioning with a more expressive design language based on the company's latest sports car generations that are marked by tighter lines, more pronounced contours and newly shaped body elements. In short, the Porsche Panamera is even more efficient, sporty, comfortable and elegant.

The new generation Gran Turismo celebrates its world premiere at Auto China in Shanghai, which opens its gates on the 21st of April 2013.

Panamera S E-Hybrid sets new standards in efficiency, performance and operating convenience

The Panamera S E-Hybrid is a systematically advanced development of the parallel full hybrids with a more powerful electric motor, a higher-performance battery that supplies more energy and the ability to charge it externally from the electrical grid. The electric drive produces 95 hp, which is more than double the power of the previous model's electric motor at 47 hp. It draws its energy from a newly developed lithium-ion battery, which at 9.4 kWh has over five times the 1.7 kWh energy capacity of the previous battery in nickel metal hydride technology. When connected to an industrial outlet, it can be charged within around two and a half hours via the integrated on-board charger and the standard Porsche Universal Charger (AC), and it can be charged in less than four hours when connected to a conventional household electrical outlet in Germany.

The Panamera S E-Hybrid exceeds the driving performance of the previous model by far. In addition, the previous model's NEDC fuel consumption of 7.1 l/100 km was reduced by 56% to 3.1 l/100 km. That equates to CO2 emissions of 71 g/km. At the same time, its all-electric driving performance was substantially improved with regard to electric acceleration, the electric range and electric top speed. An intensive pure electric driving experience is possible without any fuel consumption or local emissions, which is especially advantageous in the urban environment. The electric driving range of the Panamera S E-Hybrid was determined to be 36 kilometres in NEDC-based testing. The distance may vary in real operation, since air conditioning and heating are deactivated in NEDC test conditions. A realistic all-electric driving range in everyday operation would lie somewhere between 18 and 36 km; under particularly favourable conditions it could even exceed this range. The Panamera with the new hybrid drive can reach speeds of up to 135 km/h in pure electric drive mode.

The acceleration time from a standstill to 100 km/h was shortened by half a second to 5.5 seconds. The electric boost function helps here, in which the performance of the electric motor boosts that of the combustion engine. It can be activated by a full kick-down of the accelerator pedal. The car's top speed is 270 km/h. The parallel full hybrid concept developed by Porsche also offers "coasting" at higher speeds, which refers to free coasting with the internal combustion engine shut off and energy recovery by generating electricity.

The forward-looking concept of the Panamera S E-Hybrid embodies an entirely new range of convenience functions, which can be activated by a smart phone app. Via the phone application the owner can see the battery charge status, turn on preheating or precooling, check the remaining driving range or find his way back to the parked vehicle. All functions that are not specific to the hybrid drive are also available as options for the other Panamera models via the Car Connect smart phone app from Porsche. Car Connect as well as the Hybrid specific smart phone app are expected to be operational from Q1/2014, limited to the GCC markets, only.

Long wheelbase, spacious rear seating area: Executive models with the com-fort of the exclusive class

The spatial concept of the Panamera with two full-fledged seats in the rear seating area proved to be so successful that Porsche is further extending it in the next generation Gran Turismo. Featuring a 15 cm longer wheelbase, the new Panamera Turbo Executive and Panamera 4S Executive models, available in left-hand-drive markets only, offer more rear seating space and exceptional ride comfort, with the innovative Panamera air suspension as standard.

More performance and efficiency by downsizing: new V6 biturbo engine

Boosting performance and efficiency is a core competency at Porsche. In developing the new Panamera, this led to an entirely new engine based on the downsizing concept: A V6 engine with three litres displacement and biturbo charging. The V6 biturbo replaces the previous 4.8-litre V8 engine in the Panamera S and Panamera 4S, and is also used in the new Executive version of the Panamera 4S, whereas the Panamera GTS will retain its V8 engine. Its basic parameters are indicators of progress: 20 hp more power and 20 Newton metres more torque, but up to 18% better fuel economy compared to the V8 engine in the previous model. This not only gives the driver a more powerful and efficient engine; turbocharging results in a maximum torque of 520 Newton metres being available over a very broad range of engine speeds for a superior and uniform power curve, even at low revs.

Most Panamera models are equipped with the seven-speed Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK). The comfortable eight-speed automatic Tiptronic S operates in the Panamera Diesel and Panamera S E-Hybrid. This transmission creates optimal conditions for further development of other efficiency functions. For example, the extended start-stop function now deactivates the engine earlier while coasting to a stop, saving more fuel. With the exception of the Panamera GTS, models with PDK also offer a coasting function in which the clutches open in overrun, the engine idles, and the vehicle coasts freely. This function can significantly improve fuel economy, especially when travelling on the motorway.

Further developed design with a new option: LED headlights

The advanced exterior design of the Panamera can be made out at first glance. The tighter and more prominent line work at the front end is especially apparent in the larger air intakes and the distinctive transition to the headlights. In side profile, the new, more swept-back rear window creates an even more extended silhouette. When viewed from the back, the new generation Panamera is primarily made out by its new boot lid. The widened rear window emphasises the horizontal orientation of the Gran Turismo and therefore its sporty character. The rear section itself was also redesigned, including a wider spoiler, and shows a tighter transition to the rear lights, similar to the visual transition of the headlights at the front of the car.

As in previous models, the new Panamera models also offer many differentiating exterior characteristics. Further customisation can be realized by numerous options that are available, including the new LED headlights, which give the Gran Turismo a very special appearance.

The Panamera models are further upgraded by new standard features, such as the multifunction steering wheel. In addition, an extended line-up of assistance systems is available for safety and convenience. The optimised adaptive cruise control system, for example, now actively intervenes in the braking process in hazardous situations. Lane departure warning offer greater convenience in cross-country and motorway travel.

Whilst orders can be placed with immediate effect, Porsche Middle East & Africa FZE will introduce the new generation Panamera models in all markets with the first customer deliveries starting from July 2013 onwards.

At the beginning of next year, a new diesel engine with 300 hp will replace the current diesel, offering even more driving fun with typical diesel efficiency.

Also arriving on the market in 2014 are the new Porsche Panamera Turbo S and Panamera Turbo S Executive. They represent the exclusive and sporty pinnacle of the model range.

Source: http://www.ameinfo.com/nuqul-automotive-launches-porsche-panamera-jordan-338505

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Cox TV Connect for Android launches, brings live TV streaming to 'select' tablets

We're still waiting to see Cox's next generation cable TV-to-mobile streaming app, but right now it's released a version of its existing Cox TV Connect app for Android. Available on iPads since the end of 2011 and on iPhone / iPod touch since the end of last year, it's finally made the trek to a "select" group of Android tablets, consisting of the Nexus 7 and Samsung Galaxy 2 / Galaxy Note slates. A support document also mentions Amazon's Kindle Fire family, however the app isn't in its store as of this posting. For those not familiar, it's a free app for subscribers that lets them watch a selection of live TV channels while connected to their home wireless network, and view listings anywhere. We'll be interested to see if the list of compatible (Android 4.0+) hardware grows quickly, or if users will need to wait for a port of the new app which adds personalization features tied into Cox's Trio DVR platform.

Filed under: Home Entertainment, Tablets, HD

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Source: Google Play, Cox TV Communications (Twitter)

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Nigeria Boko Haram Commission in Dialogue to End Violence (Voice Of America)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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Engadget Giveaway: win one of five Linksys router bundles!

Didn't win a router bundle last week? Guess what -- you've got another opportunity! Linksys is following up with a fantastic combo of its own: five sets of its Smart WiFi 802.11ac AC1750 router (a $220 value) and Wi-Fi 5GHz Universal Media Connector Bridge (a $160 value). These are some of the best on the market, so we're a bit jealous that we can't enter the contest ourselves. So head to the widget below and grab two free entries, as well as a bonus entry if you head to Mark Zuckerberg's favorite social network to Like Linksys. Best of luck to you all!

Note: Please enter using the widget below, as comments are no longer valid methods of entry. The widget only requires your name and email address so we know how to get in touch with you if you win (your information is not given out to third parties), but you will have an option to receive an additional entry by liking Linksys on Facebook if you so desire.

Filed under: Announcements, HD, Mobile, Alt

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/16/engadget-giveaway-linksys/

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China vs. France cook-off at Restaurant-Ecole Institute Paul Bocuse ...

China vs. France: After 12 grueling months of training, the students of Restaurant-Ecole Institute Paul Bocuse are finally ready to leave the nest! For the last cooking competition of the year on April 27, Chinese apprentice chefs will go head-to-head with the French contingent to determine who's more culinarily-inclined. Best of all, you get to be the judge.
480RMB // Restaurant-Ecole Institut Paul Bocuse // 379 Baotun Lu, near Zhongshan Nan Lu (???379?, ?????).

Spring specialties at Pelham's: We've finally been pried from winter's cold dead fingers! To celebrate, from April 30-May 21 Pelham's is featuring a lineup of spring specialties including tender lamb and foie gras mosaic, spring lamb carpaccio with white tomato espuma and lamb rack with asparagus chartreuse and morel mushrooms.
11:30am-2pm lunch, 6-10pm dinner // Pelham's // Waldorf Astoria, Heritage Building, Lobby Level 2 Zhongshan Dong Yi Lu, near Guangdong Lu ( fr???????? ?????2?, ????).

Fresh ahi tuna and free-flow champagne: On April 28, the Stage at the Westin Bund Center will offer fresh ahi tuna served as sushi, sashimi, tartar, and other preparations. Free-flow Veuve Clicquot champagne included!
538RMB+15% // 11:30am-2:30pm // The Westin Bund Center // 1/F, 88 Henan Zhong Lu, near Guangdong Lu (????88?, ????????1?, ????).

Head to our calendar for more.

Benjamin Cost is Shanghaiist's Food Editor. Email tips, recommendations, and news updates on Shanghai's dining scene to food@shanghaiist.com.

Source: http://shanghaiist.com/2013/04/14/china_vs_france_cook-off_at_restaur.php

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Time for a preemptive strike against North Korea? Some say yes.

A University of Texas professor argues for a strike against North Korea in a New York Times op-ed. Some US military planners are sympathetic to the idea, while others accuse him of being a warmonger.

By Anna Mulrine,?Staff writer / April 15, 2013

People visit giant statues of the late North Korean leaders, Kim Il-sung (l.) and his son Kim Jong-il, in Pyongyang, North Korea, Monday. Oblivious to international tensions over a possible North Korean missile launch, Pyongyang residents spilled into the streets Monday to celebrate a major national holiday, the birthday of their first leader, Kim Il-sung.

Kyodo News/AP

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At the office of the secretary of Defense in the Pentagon, a plan for a preemptive military attack on North Korea was being presented to ?a small, grim group.?

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?The plan was impressive,? recalled an official who was at the presentation by US military strategists. ?It could be executed with only a few days? alert, and it would entail little or no risk of US casualties during the attack.?

It was also designed to have a low risk of North Korean casualties. But it allowed for some troubling contingencies.

?In particular, we wanted the plan to fully reflect that nuclear weapons were not the only weapons of mass destruction that North Korea had been working on. They clearly had chemical weapons, and their interest in biological weapons and ballistic missiles was also evident,? the official recalled. ?We all knew that we were poised on the brink of a war that might involve weapons of mass destruction.?

The official was then-Secretary of Defense William Perry, and the year was 1994. He recounts the episode in a book he cowrote with Ashton Carter, who is now the No. 2 civilian at the Pentagon: ?Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America.?

Such an attack didn?t occur in 1994, but today, in the face of North Korea?s belligerence, some are suggesting that the Pentagon dust off its plans.

?They have made a threat, and they have made a weapon ? and it seems to me that is a legitimate reason for self-defense,? says Jeremi Suri, a professor of history and public affairs at the University of Texas, Austin.

?We don?t want the Iranians, or North Koreans, or anyone else thinking it?s not ? and if we wait for the next threat, the damage could be far worse,? Dr. Suri argues. ?The safest thing to do is to destroy this weapon on the launchpad.?

It is an argument that Suri made in a New York Times op-ed on Friday entitled, ?Bomb North Korea, Before It?s Too Late.?

?President Obama should state clearly and forthrightly that this is an act of self-defense in response to explicit threats from North Korea and clear evidence of a prepared weapon,? Suri writes.

?And he should explain that this is a limited defensive strike on a military target ? an operation that poses no threat to civilians ? and that America does not intend to bring about regime change. The purpose is to neutralize a clear and present danger. That is all,? he writes.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/8FxP_Mufn5A/Time-for-a-preemptive-strike-against-North-Korea-Some-say-yes

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Investing in school capital projects throughout B.C.

FACTSHEET

April 15, 2013

Ministry of Education

?

Investing in school capital projects throughout B.C.

?

Since 2001, the B.C. government has committed nearly $4 billion for school capital and maintenance projects throughout British Columbia, including those planned or in progress. This includes more than $2.2 billion for 213 seismic safety projects.

?

Since 2001, the government has spent more than $2.4 billion to complete 104 new and replacement schools, 151 additions, 110 renovations and 25 site acquisitions throughout B.C. This includes $950 million for 131 seismic safety projects.

?

Some regional examples include:

?

Vancouver Island/Coast -

???????? Alberni District Secondary school ($58 million) - state-of-the-art school offering broad range of learning opportunities and career options

?

???????? Vic High Fairey Tech Wing ($10 million) - new tech wing providing trades training opportunities

?

???????? Oak Bay Secondary ($50 million) - new replacement school will accommodate up to 1,300 students

?

Mainland/Southwest -

???????? Four school site acquisitions in Surrey ($52.6 million) including $16.7 million site acquisition for new Clayton North Secondary to accommodate students in grades 8-12 and reduce pressure on other area schools

?

???????? Burnaby Secondary school ($56 million) - school incorporates a cutting edge green, energy-saving design

?

???????? Carson Graham Secondary ($38 million) - one of the most technologically advanced schools in the province

?

Thompson/Okanagan

???????? NorKam Secondary ($6.3 million) - for new trades training centre at NorKam Secondary.

?

???????? South Okanagan Secondary ($29 million) - replacement for school destroyed earlier by fire

?

???????? Vernon Secondary ($38 million) - new school with capacity for 950 students

?

Kootenay

???????? J. Lloyd Crowe Secondary ($38 million) - new school features science-super-lab and state-of-the-art theatre

?

Cariboo

???????? Anahim Lake Elementary Junior Secondary ($7 million) - new elementary-junior secondary school for Anahim Lake in the Cariboo-Chilcotin school district

?

North Coast -

???????? Port Edward Elementary ($500,000) - Municipality committed $2.0 million and the B.C. government contributed $500,000 for new community school

?

Nechako

???????? Lakes District Secondary ($12 million) - a new and modern high school was built adjacent to the old school

?

???????? Babine Elementary Secondary ($5 million) - new modular classrooms replace part of Babine Elementary-Secondary

?

Northeast -

???????? Energetic Learning Campus ($6 million) - one-of-a-kind learning campus-like facility for 160 Grade 10 students from North Peace Secondary school

?

???????? Clearview Elementary ($600,000) - funding for gym expansion project to serve more students

?

For more information about capital investments in specific school districts, go to:

http://www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/ministries/education/factsheets/factsheet-school-district-profiles.html

?

Media Contact: ?

Government Communications and Public Engagement Ministry of Education 250 356-5963

?

?

Connect with the Province of B.C. at: www.gov.bc.ca/connect

Source: http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2009-2013/2013EDUC0050-000862.htm

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